Fisheries and Oceans

The Fisheries and Oceans committee met to discuss the seal industry and related issues. Alexis Deschênes proposed a study on developing the seal industry in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Maritimes, focusing on modernizing rules and supporting new hunters. Clifford Small suggested broadening the study to include all pinniped industries (seals, sea lions, etc.) across Canada, and to review a previous report on pinniped populations. Committee members debated whether to expand the study's scope and include a review of past recommendations. Serge Cormier raised concerns that reviewing the old report would take time away from hearing from witnesses about the seal situation. Clifford Small defended his amendment, arguing it was important to see if previous recommendations had been acted upon. Alexis Deschênes emphasized the importance of focusing on seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but was open to including sea lions on the west coast. Ultimately, the committee agreed to expand the study to include pinniped species like seals and sea lions across Canada, but they removed the part about spending an hour reviewing the old pinniped report. The committee will invite representatives from various groups, like Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Indigenous communities, to share their views. The committee will report its findings and ask the government for a response.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to elect a new chair and discuss factors that determine the opening and closing dates of marine harvesting seasons. Hedy Fry was elected as the new chair of the committee after several nominations and declinations. Committee members thanked the previous chair, Mr. Weiler, for his service and welcomed Ms. Fry, expressing hope for continued collaboration and respect within the committee. The meeting also acknowledged that the committee was meeting on the ancestral lands of the Algonquin Anishinabe people. Representatives from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) presented information on how fishing seasons are determined, emphasizing safety, scientific and environmental factors, and economic considerations. Todd Williams, senior director of fisheries management operations, highlighted the importance of working with harvesters and advisory committees to gather real-world information on conditions and adjust openings and closings as needed. They also discussed the department's obligations to Indigenous peoples and the need to prioritize food, social, and ceremonial fisheries. Committee members questioned the DFO representatives on various topics, including the Fraser River sockeye salmon season, retention opportunities in Howe Sound, and the availability of resources for ice clearing in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Discussions also covered the American mackerel quota, mass marking for hatchery-raised salmon, and co-management agreements with First Nations. The committee explored the balance between conservation, economic interests, and collaboration with different stakeholders in fisheries management. Several committee members expressed concerns about the timeliness and predictability of opening dates, particularly for the snow crab and Fraser River sockeye fisheries, and the impact of delays on harvesters. They also questioned the DFO representatives about the science behind decisions and the extent to which harvesters' observations are considered. The committee identified the need for better communication and collaboration between DFO, the Coast Guard, and harvesters to ensure safe and sustainable fisheries. No specific decisions were made during the meeting, but committee members emphasized the importance of addressing the concerns raised by harvesters and finding solutions to improve the management of fisheries. The committee agreed to continue its study of the factors determining opening and closing dates of marine harvesting seasons at future meetings.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss recreational and traditional softshell clam harvesting. Witnesses from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), and the Department of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) explained their roles in the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program (CSSP). The CSSP aims to ensure shellfish are safe to eat by monitoring harvest sites for contamination. The committee heard about the challenges of balancing public health with the cultural and economic importance of clam harvesting, especially for Indigenous communities. Committee members questioned witnesses about the time it takes to open and close harvesting areas and the impact of waste-water treatment on water quality. Evelyn Soo from the CFIA described the agency's role in monitoring shellfish harvest areas for harmful toxins and licensing shellfish processors. Alistair Struthers from DFO explained how the department manages shellfish fisheries and opens or closes harvesting areas based on recommendations from the CFIA and ECCC. Joanne Volk from ECCC discussed the department's responsibility for assessing and monitoring the sanitary quality of shellfish harvesting waters. Members of parliament questioned the witnesses on the length of time for opening and closing harvesting areas, and the coordination between the three agencies. Several committee members voiced concerns about the time it takes to reopen clam harvesting areas after closures, with some closures lasting for years. They also discussed the impact of climate change and waste-water treatment on water quality. A motion was introduced by Serge Cormier to undertake an urgent study on the decline of Atlantic salmon, considering the impact of striped bass and seal populations. The motion was amended to include a broader examination of mortality factors during migration. The committee voted to undertake the study on Atlantic salmon, with the amended motion being agreed to. Overall, the meeting highlighted the complexities of managing shellfish harvesting in Canada and the need for collaboration between federal departments, Indigenous communities, and stakeholders. The committee also addressed the urgent issue of declining Atlantic salmon populations and the need for a comprehensive study to identify effective management measures.

The Fisheries and Oceans committee met to discuss a proposed law about aquaculture in British Columbia. Aaron Gunn, a Conservative committee member, wanted the committee to order the Minister to release a report on aquaculture that he says is already finished. He thinks it's important for transparency and for the thousands of workers who are worried about their jobs. He says billions of dollars in investments are on hold because of the uncertainty. Serge Cormier, a Liberal committee member, argued that Gunn was trying to undermine years of work and consultations with First Nations and the aquaculture industry. He said the government has a plan to transition to more sustainable aquaculture, investing millions of dollars and working with First Nations and communities. He read parts of the draft plan, which includes supporting First Nations, workers, and communities during the change, and using new, clean technology. The committee voted to stop the debate on Gunn's motion. Then, another Liberal committee member, Robert Morrissey, made a motion to move the meeting to a private session, which was approved. The meeting was then suspended briefly before resuming in private.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss the Atlantic mackerel and Atlantic herring fisheries. Witnesses included Barry Darby, who suggested a shift to input-based management (IBM) focusing on regulating fishing gear and practices rather than catch limits. Dylan MacIntyre, a fisherman, spoke about the economic impact of the mackerel fishery closure on his livelihood and the increased costs of importing bait. Erin Carruthers from the Fish, Food and Allied Workers Union, presented survey results indicating an abundance of mackerel reported by harvesters, contrasting with DFO's stock assessment. Martin Mallet from the Maritime Fishermen's Union, advocated for reopening the fishery and co-management with the United States. He also highlighted the economic importance of mackerel and herring to inshore fisheries. Committee members questioned the witnesses on the discrepancies between scientific assessments and fishermen's observations, the impact of the fishery closure, and potential management strategies. Clifford Small introduced a motion regarding a report on offshore wind energy areas and their potential impact on fisheries, leading to a debate among committee members. The committee voted in favour of the motion, ordering the Department of Fisheries and Oceans to provide related documents and schedule a meeting to discuss the report. Aaron Gunn introduced a motion regarding a production order for ISED's report and consultations on the aquaculture transition plan for British Columbia, but the meeting was adjourned before a vote could occur.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss issues related to fishing season openings and closures. The first panel heard from Melissa Collier, a commercial fisher, who spoke about the unpredictability of fishing seasons and the economic impact of delayed openings. Daniel Desbois, representing snow crab fishers, discussed the challenges of icebreaking delays in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and the need for better planning to avoid conflicts with right whale migration. Committee members questioned the witnesses about the decision-making processes of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the impact of these decisions on their livelihoods. The second panel included Michael Griswold, who resigned from the Fraser River panel due to concerns about the management of sockeye salmon. David Summers, a fishing charter operator, emphasized the economic importance of recreational fishing and the negative effects of closures. Warren Barker and Ivan Chu, representing sport fishing guides, highlighted regional inequities in fisheries access and the impact of closures on tourism. They suggested using a "bubble zone" approach to protect killer whales instead of static closures. Committee members explored the science behind DFO decisions and the impact of those decisions on the fishing industry. During questioning, committee members asked about the reasons for delayed openings, the impact of closures on businesses, and potential solutions for improving communication and decision-making. Witnesses emphasized the need for more predictable fishing seasons, better planning for icebreaking, and consideration of the economic impact of closures on coastal communities. A motion was put forward to request documents from DFO related to a report on wind energy areas and their potential impact on fisheries. Witnesses expressed concerns about the influence of certain groups on DFO decisions and the lack of consideration for the economic impact on fishers. They suggested that DFO should listen to all stakeholders and use real science to inform its decisions. The committee discussed the potential for mass marking of hatchery fish to improve access to fisheries. There was optimism that DFO would learn from past mistakes and improve its decision-making process in the future. Overall, the committee heard about the challenges faced by fishers due to unpredictable seasons, closures, and the need for better communication and decision-making from DFO. The committee will use this testimony to inform recommendations to the government.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss how the timing of opening and closing dates for marine harvesting seasons affects fisheries. They wanted to understand how these decisions impact the environment, the economy, and the people who depend on fishing. The committee heard from representatives of fishermen's associations, sport fishing organizations, and tourism operators. They discussed the need for timely decisions, clear communication, and flexibility in managing fisheries. They also talked about the importance of using science and local knowledge to make informed decisions. Ian MacPherson from the Prince Edward Island Fishermen’s Association talked about how climate change is affecting fishing seasons and incomes. He stressed the need for a fair and consistent process for making decisions about season dates, including considering the impact on markets. Owen Bird from the Sport Fishing Institute of BC highlighted the importance of predictable fishing seasons for the recreational fishing industry and the coastal communities that rely on it. He warned that delays and uncertainty in decision-making can hurt businesses and livelihoods. Jesse Zeman from the B.C. Wildlife Federation used the 2025 Fraser River sockeye fishery as an example of how delays in opening a fishery can have negative consequences. He argued that timing is not just an administrative issue but also an economic and conservation issue. Dave Brown from the Public Fishery Alliance raised concerns about the loss of predictability in fisheries management and the lack of in-season flexibility. Michael Kelly from the Sport Fishing Advisory Board emphasized the importance of stable access to fisheries for the tourism industry and the need for decisions based on local data. Committee members asked questions about the factors that influence decision-making, the impact of delays on businesses and communities, and the role of science and local knowledge. They also discussed the need for a more balanced approach that protects vulnerable fish populations while allowing sustainable fishing opportunities. Witnesses suggested using historical catch data, implementing selective fishing technologies, and working collaboratively with local communities. The committee will continue its study on the factors determining the opening and closing dates of marine harvesting seasons at a future meeting. They will use the information they gathered to make recommendations to the government on how to improve the process and ensure sustainable fisheries for the future.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss recreational and traditional softshell clam fishing in Chaleur Bay. Witnesses included local fishermen and representatives from research organizations and Indigenous groups. The discussion focused on the limited access to clam harvesting areas due to closures and the impact on local traditions and food security. Fishermen Dorina Allard, Gaston Bourdages, and Ghislain Roberge spoke about the cultural importance of clam harvesting and the need to open new fishing zones. They highlighted the frustration of limited access despite improved wastewater treatment and the tradition of clam harvesting being passed down through generations. They described the current situation as a paradox, with enforcement efforts being prioritized over opening new sites. Representatives from Merinov, David Courtemanche and Marie-Gil Fortin, discussed their role in water quality analysis and the process for opening new sites. They noted that the process involves multiple government departments and requires extensive testing. Catherine Lambert Koizumi and Jeremy Jerome from the Mi'gmaq Wolastoqey Indigenous Fisheries Management Association emphasized the importance of clam harvesting for Indigenous communities and proposed solutions including increased investment in testing and monitoring programs and co-management pilot projects. The committee discussed the possibility of community-based monitoring and the potential for a more collaborative approach to managing clam harvesting areas. The committee members expressed interest in finding solutions to balance environmental protection with the needs of local communities and preserving cultural traditions. No specific decisions were made, but the committee will continue to study the issue and develop recommendations for the government.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss the proposed budget for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for 2026-2027. Minister of Fisheries Joanne Thompson presented the budget, highlighting investments in small craft harbors and the importance of sustainable fisheries for economic growth. Committee members questioned the Minister and DFO officials on budget cuts, specifically regarding science and monitoring programs, and the impact on conservation efforts. The committee also discussed enforcement of fishing regulations and support for the fishing industry in various regions. Conservative committee members, including Clifford Small and Mel Arnold, raised concerns about budget cuts to science and monitoring programs, particularly those related to salmon and cod stocks. They questioned the Minister and DFO officials about the impact of these cuts on conservation efforts and the accuracy of scientific data. Small also brought up issues related to illegal fishing and enforcement in the lobster and scallop fisheries. Arnold questioned the minister on comparative analysis of new and previous monitoring systems to ensure reliability in monitoring. Liberal committee members, such as Robert Morrissey and Paul Connors, focused on the importance of small craft harbors and the Atlantic Fisheries Fund. They questioned the Minister and DFO officials about funding for these programs and the impact of climate change on coastal infrastructure. Connors also inquired about the use of artificial intelligence in fisheries management and the recreational food fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador. Bloc Québécois member Marilène Gill expressed concerns about budget cuts to the Maurice Lamontagne Institute and the sentinel fisheries program in Quebec. She questioned the Minister and DFO officials about the impact of these cuts on science, food security, and economic development in the region. New Democrat MP, Lisa Marie Barron, was absent. The committee voted to approve the main estimates for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, with the votes being agreed to on division, indicating some opposition. The committee also adopted the proposed budget for the meeting. The next meeting will focus on recreational and traditional fishing for softshell clams.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss the Atlantic mackerel and Atlantic herring fisheries. Committee members heard from fishermen, a university professor, and representatives from fishermen's associations. The discussion focused on the current state of the fish stocks, the accuracy of scientific data, and the impact of fishing regulations on local communities. Lucas DesRoches, a commercial fisherman, argued that the mackerel stock is showing signs of recovery, but current scientific studies aren't reflecting this due to issues with the timing and methods used. He suggested better communication between fishermen and scientists, and a "bait first" approach to fishing regulations. Dominique Robert, a professor at Université du Québec à Rimouski, stated that despite fishing restrictions, mackerel and herring stocks remain in critical condition due to high mortality rates and unfavorable environmental conditions. He recommended keeping fishing activities low, continuing research on the proportion of Canadian mackerel caught in the U.S., and establishing a joint stock assessment with the U.S. Mark Arsenault, president of the Prince County Fishermen's Association, shared observations of increased mackerel and herring numbers. He highlighted the economic impact of high bait costs on fishermen and questioned why American fleets can harvest fish from the northern stock while Canadian fishermen cannot. Trevor Barlow, a fisherman and chair of the small pelagic board, expressed concerns about the spring herring stock, stating that the DFO's data collection methods are flawed. Ghislain Collin, president of a pelagic fishermen's group, advocated for a regulated reopening of the commercial fishery to collect essential scientific data and support affected coastal regions. Committee members questioned the witnesses on various aspects of the fisheries, including the accuracy of scientific data, the impact of fishing regulations, and the role of environmental groups. There was a general consensus that better communication and collaboration between fishermen and scientists are needed to ensure the sustainable management of these fisheries. The committee will continue its study and develop recommendations for the government.

The Fisheries and Oceans committee met to discuss the Atlantic mackerel and herring fisheries. The main focus was on the status of the Atlantic mackerel stock and the impact of the 2022 decision to close the commercial fishery. Committee members questioned representatives from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) about the science behind the closure, the collaboration with the United States on stock management, and the potential impact of budget cuts on scientific capacity. Key speakers included Clifford Small, who expressed frustration with the DFO's science and questioned the accuracy of the stock assessments. He also brought up the American quota increase and the lack of a bilateral stock management agreement. Bernard Vigneault, from DFO, defended the department's science and explained the differences between the northern and southern mackerel contingents. He also discussed the egg survey method used for stock assessment. Celine Gaudet addressed questions about potential job cuts at the Maurice Lamontagne Institute. Mel Arnold raised concerns about the slow progress on the committee's 2023 recommendations and the impact on harvesters. The committee voted on a motion to report to the House its disappointment that the Minister of Fisheries had not appeared before the committee for the study on Marine and Coastal Protections, which passed with a vote of 5-4. The committee also agreed to invite the Minister to appear for two hours to discuss main estimates. DFO representatives committed to providing written responses to several questions raised during the meeting, including details on budget cuts and the impact on scientific capacity.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss marine and coastal protections. The meeting focused on how the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and Parks Canada are working to establish marine protected areas while considering the needs of the fishing industry and coastal communities. Key witnesses included Kathy Graham (DFO), Marie-Eve Neron (ECCC), and David Millar (Parks Canada Agency). They emphasized the importance of balancing conservation goals with the economic realities of fishing communities, and the need for better communication and collaboration with fishers. Committee members raised concerns about the potential economic impacts of marine protected areas on fishers, with some expressing skepticism about the government's approach and the consultation process. Some committee members felt that the government wasn't listening to the concerns of the fishing industry and that the process for establishing marine protected areas was not transparent enough. Witnesses acknowledged the need to improve communication and consultation with fishers, and to ensure that their knowledge and concerns are taken into account when establishing marine protected areas. They also highlighted the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of marine protected areas and adapting management practices as needed. There was discussion about specific marine protected area proposals, such as the northern shelf bioregion in British Columbia and the Virgin Rocks area in Newfoundland and Labrador. Committee members questioned whether the government was adequately considering the economic impacts of these proposals on fishers and coastal communities. Witnesses emphasized that the goal is not to close fishing areas entirely, but to find ways to balance conservation goals with sustainable fishing practices. The committee agreed to send another request for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans to appear before the committee to answer questions about the government's approach to marine protected areas. Finally, a notice of motion was tabled to undertake an urgent study on the decline of Atlantic salmon, with particular consideration given to the impact of striped bass and seal populations. The committee also discussed the importance of measuring the success of marine protected areas in achieving conservation objectives, and the need for more dynamic closures that take into account the seasonal presence of marine species.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss marine and coastal protections. The meeting featured testimonies from commercial fishers, association presidents, and scientists, each offering different perspectives on the implementation and impact of marine protected areas (MPAs). Key concerns raised included the lack of consultation with the fishing industry, the influence of foreign-funded environmental groups, and the potential economic damage to coastal communities. Witnesses also discussed the effectiveness of current methods for measuring protection objectives and whether the government's objectives have been achieved. Doug Mavin, a commercial harvester, expressed concerns about the shrinking footprint available for fishing due to MPAs and First Nations' protected areas. He highlighted the economic and human costs to the fishing industry, with young people leaving due to uncertainty. Colin Sproul, president of the Bay of Fundy Inshore Fishermen's Association, criticized the lack of consultation and the influence of environmental groups, advocating for a pause on MPA development. Glenn Kierce, general manager of Coast Tsimshian Fish Plant Ltd, emphasized the importance of sustainable fisheries for indigenous livelihoods and the potential negative impacts of MPAs on coastal communities. Philippe Archambault, scientific director of ArcticNet, argued that MPAs are like "savings accounts" for fish populations, enhancing reproductive potential and benefiting both commercial markets and local communities. He stressed the importance of regulatory compliance, ecological monitoring, and adaptive management in assessing the effectiveness of MPAs. Catherine Rigg and James Nickerson, directors and owners of Atlas Ocean Tours, shared their experiences with marine protection initiatives on Haida Gwaii, noting the importance of community support and effective monitoring. Committee members questioned witnesses on the economic impact of MPAs, the consultation process, and potential solutions for improving collaboration between the government and the fishing industry. A motion was passed to request the minister to appear before the committee to discuss the study. The committee acknowledged the differing perspectives and the need for further discussion to develop effective and sustainable marine protection strategies.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss marine and coastal protections. The committee heard from several witnesses, including Professor Anna Metaxas, Kendra MacDonald, and Dwan Street. Professor Metaxas spoke about the importance of marine conservation areas for protecting biodiversity and the need for broad consultations with stakeholders. MacDonald discussed the challenges of monitoring and enforcing marine protected areas and the potential of technology to improve data collection and decision-making. Street expressed concerns about the impact of marine protected areas on fishing communities and the need for fairness and transparency in the process. During the meeting, committee members questioned the witnesses on a range of topics, including the effectiveness of marine protected areas, the impact on fishing communities, and the role of environmental groups. Street raised concerns about a double standard in how different ocean users are treated, with fishing activity often prohibited while oil and gas exploration is allowed to proceed. She also questioned the motives of environmental groups and their influence on government policy. Committee members also discussed two motions. One motion, introduced by Mr. Morrissey, proposed a study on Canada's mackerel fishery and the potential impacts of increased U.S. fishing. This motion was amended to include a study on herring as well. A second motion, introduced by Mr. Connors, proposed a study on the small craft harbour program and ways to streamline its funding and implementation. A third motion, introduced by Mr. Deschênes, proposed a study on the management of recreational and traditional clam fishing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Chaleur Bay.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss marine and coastal protections in Canada. The committee heard from representatives of the fishing industry, a hatchery, and academics. The discussion focused on the impact of marine protected areas (MPAs) on fisheries and coastal communities, and how to balance conservation goals with economic realities. Jim McIsaac from the BC Shrimp Trawlers' Association expressed concerns that Canada's MPA standards unfairly restrict small-scale fishermen and ignore the broader threats to ocean health. He argued that MPAs should be part of larger ocean planning processes and that closures should apply to all users equally. Michael Barron, representing Cape Breton fish harvesters, highlighted the uncertainty and frustration felt by fishermen due to unclear MPA rules and a lack of meaningful consultation. He emphasized that conservation efforts should be measured by ecological results and should involve the people who work on the water. Diana Barkley, from the Little Campbell Hatchery Society, spoke about the importance of hatcheries in rebuilding salmon stocks and the need to protect estuary and coastal habitats. She also highlighted the need for continued financial support for community hatcheries. Academics like Mark Carr and Fraser MacDonald discussed the need for effective monitoring programs to measure the results of MPAs and the importance of co-management approaches that involve the fishing industry in decision-making. Keith Sullivan from the Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association recommended thorough socio-economic impact reviews before implementing MPAs, a revamped consultative process, and a strategy that allows responsible marine farming within protected areas. Committee members discussed the need for better consultation with fishing communities, the potential for integrated fisheries management plans to be as effective as closed areas, and the role of foreign funding in influencing marine protection policies. There was discussion of a recent decision in Newfoundland and Labrador to tear up a memorandum of understanding for a marine protected area due to a flawed process.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss clauses in the budget related to the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation (FFMC). The FFMC helps sell fish from inland fisheries, but it has been losing money. The government wants to sell the FFMC to a private company to help it become more modern and competitive. The Minister of Fisheries, Joanne Thompson, spoke about the importance of Canadian seafood and the government's efforts to open up new markets for fishers. She also talked about consulting with fishers and protecting the fisheries. However, she couldn't share many details about the FFMC sale because of confidentiality rules. Committee members questioned the minister and department officials about the sale, expressing concerns about transparency and the future of inland fishers. Some committee members felt the minister was unprepared and unwilling to provide important details. Officials explained that the FFMC has been losing market share, and some provinces have stopped participating. The goal of the sale is to find a buyer who can help the FFMC become more competitive and support inland fishers. The committee also discussed other issues, such as the mackerel fishery, Atlantic salmon, and marine protected areas. A motion was put forward to further study the mackerel fishery and consider the input of fishers. No decisions were made during the meeting. The committee is supposed to make recommendations on the budget clauses related to the FFMC sale, but some members feel they don't have enough information to do so. Officials promised to provide more information in writing about the clauses and the process.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans met to discuss marine and coastal protections. The committee heard from experts and representatives from the fishing industry about the impact of marine protected areas (MPAs) on coastal communities and the sustainability of fisheries. Key topics included the effectiveness of MPAs, the importance of collaboration with the fishing industry, and the need for socio-economic impact assessments. Witnesses presented different perspectives on the value of MPAs, with some emphasizing their importance for biodiversity conservation and others highlighting the potential negative impacts on fishing livelihoods. Dr. Alex Caveen from the University of Hull shared insights from the UK's experience with marine conservation zones, emphasizing the importance of involving the fishing industry in the planning process and using robust ecological evidence to justify restrictions on fishing. Grant Dovey and Katelyn Lindsay from the BC Seafood Alliance expressed concerns about the loss of access to fishing grounds due to MPA implementation, particularly in the Northern Shelf bioregion. They stressed the need for updated socio-economic impact analyses and a collaborative approach to marine planning. Professor Ray Hilborn from the University of Washington argued that effective fisheries management is more important than MPAs for protecting marine ecosystems and ensuring sustainable fisheries. He suggested that resources should be directed towards better fisheries management practices rather than creating no-take areas. Professor Evan Edinger from Memorial University of Newfoundland spoke about the importance of protecting deep-sea corals and other vulnerable marine ecosystems, highlighting the need for scientific monitoring and enforcement of regulations. Ian MacPherson and Melanie Giffin from the P.E.I. Fishermen's Association emphasized the importance of communication and collaboration with fishers in establishing MPAs and marine refuges. They noted that successful initiatives involve fishers in the decision-making process and consider their knowledge of the waters. Stephen Woodley from the World Commission on Protected Areas discussed the science-based rationale for the 30% protection target and the potential for MPAs to contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries through spillover effects. The committee discussed the need for a balanced approach to marine conservation that considers both ecological and economic factors. Members raised questions about the effectiveness of MPAs, the impact of closures on coastal communities, and the role of science and ideology in guiding conservation efforts. The committee agreed to continue its study of marine and coastal protections, taking into account the diverse perspectives presented by the witnesses.