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C-9Royal assent received

Bill C-9 — Law Would Toughen Penalties for Hate Speech and Crimes Targeting Religious or Cultural Sites

Tougher Penalties for Hate Crimes

Introduced Sep 19, 2025·Last discussed Jun 18, 2026
Summary

This proposed law aims to change how the legal system deals with hate. First, it creates a new crime for displaying hate symbols, like swastikas, in public places. People who do this could face jail time. However, there's an exception if the symbol is used for legitimate reasons like education or art. Second, it creates a new crime called "hate crime". This means if someone commits another crime, like assault, and they are motivated by hate, they could face a harsher punishment. Third, it makes it a crime to intimidate someone to stop them from accessing religious or cultural buildings and cemeteries. This change affects anyone who might spread hate, display hate symbols, or commit crimes motivated by hate. It also affects people who use religious or cultural buildings and cemeteries. It matters because it aims to protect vulnerable groups from hate and make sure that everyone can practice their religion and culture without fear. It also defines "hatred" as an emotion stronger than disdain or dislike, involving detestation or vilification.

What MPs Are Saying
Conservative
Larry BrockConservativeNeutral

I want the committee to study Bill C-9 and also keep studying changes to bail and sentencing at the same time. I think both are important and we can do both.

Liberal
Sean FraserLiberalSupports

I think it's important for people in Canada to live freely, no matter who they are. Hate is a problem, and it's getting worse. This bill adds new crimes to protect people, especially at religious places, and makes it a crime to promote hate. I hope you will study this bill, which will help protect minority groups.

Bloc Québécois
Christine NormandinBloc QuébécoisNeutral

I am asking the Conservative member if they think two meetings are enough to hear from people about this big bill. It seems like there were not many meetings because of delays on another bill.

In the News
Senators add noose to list of banned hate symbols in late amendment to anti-hate bill
Globe and Mail·Jun 5Neutral

Senators have decided to add the noose to a list of banned hate symbols, making it illegal to display. This change is part of a new anti-hate law (Bill C-9) that the government plans to accept, even though some Conservatives have raised concerns about religious freedom.

This article reports on both the government's actions and the Conservative's opposition.

The article correctly reports on a change to the law and the political debate around it.

Senate hears calls for Liberal anti-hate bill to include 'residential school denialism,' hammer and sickle
National Post·May 28Leans critical

Some people want the government to add "residential school denialism" and the hammer and sickle to a new anti-hate law. The law already bans symbols connected to terrorist groups and the swastika. Adding these things could make it illegal to publicly deny the harm caused by residential schools or display symbols of communism.

The article focuses on arguments for expanding the bill to include more symbols.

The article accurately describes the bill's current focus on symbols linked to terrorist entities and the swastika.

Senators call on Carney to restore antisemitism envoy, step up fight against hate
CBC News·Apr 21Neutral

Canadian Senators want the government to do more to fight antisemitism. They are asking the government to bring back a special envoy and create a task force to deal with hate crimes. This is because there has been an increase in hate crimes against Jewish people.

This article focuses on senators' concerns about antisemitism and their recommendations to combat hate.

The article accurately reflects the senators' recommendations and the general aims of Bill C-9.

Jewish community top target for reported religion-based hate crimes, Senate committee finds
Globe and Mail·Apr 21Leans supportive

A Senate committee found that Jewish people are the most common target of hate crimes based on religion in Canada. The committee suggests creating a special group to fight antisemitism. This is important because it shows that antisemitism is a growing problem in Canada and the government is looking for ways to stop it.

This article focuses on the Jewish community and the rise of antisemitism in Canada.

The article accurately reflects the proposed law's aim to combat hate crimes and protect religious sites.

Anti-hate bill that provoked bitter debate over religious freedom passes the Commons
Globe and Mail·Mar 26Mixed

A new law about hate speech has passed in the House of Commons. The law was controversial because some people worried it could limit religious freedom. Now, the Senate will vote on whether to make it a law.

This article focuses on the debate between religious freedom and preventing hate speech.

The article accurately describes the main points of Bill C-9.

Where This Lands on Key Issues

Where this proposed law falls on the policy spectrums that Canadians care about

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Bill Quality
Solid

This proposed law aims to better fight hate crimes and the public display of hate symbols in Canada. It creates new offences for promoting hatred with certain symbols and for intimidating people trying to access places of worship or community centres. While it offers stronger protections for targeted groups, proving "hatred" in court can be tricky, and there are questions about how it will affect free speech and protests.

Things to Watch For

  • Watch for how courts interpret the new definition of "hatred" in real cases.
  • Be aware that proving a crime was motivated by hatred can be difficult for prosecutors.
  • Consider how the "legitimate purpose" defence for displaying hate symbols might be used in court.
  • Observe how the law is applied to protests near places of worship or community centers, even peaceful ones.
  • The law does not detail how police and courts will be trained to handle these new types of offences.
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